Iindaba zeNkampani
Umrhumo (icandelo lokuqala)
*Ngomhla we-8 kuMeyi, 2025*
1, Imvelaphi yeMbali yeRhafu
Amaxabiso anembali ende kwaye yayikade ingumthombo ophambili wengeniso yemali kumazwe amaninzi. Iingxelo zokuqala zerhafu ezisekho zigcinwe ePalmyra, isixeko samandulo kwintlango yaseSiriya. Imibhalo eseludongeni lweofisi yesixeko ichaza irhafu eyayihlawuliswa amakhoboka, iimpahla, uboya obudaywe bazizi, amafutha aqholiweyo, ukutya nezinye izinto ezinqumla imida yaso.
Igama lesiNgesi elithi "tariff" lisuka kwigama lesiFrentshi elithi "tarif" (elithetha "ukuseta amaxabiso"), lona ngokwalo lisuka kwi-Italian "tariffa" (ebhekisa "kuluhlu lwamaxabiso" okanye ishedyuli yerhafu). Le ngcambu yesiLatini yamandulo yangena kwi-lexicon yaseNtshona ngokusebenzisana nabantu baseTurkic, ukubuyisela emva kwi-Ottoman Turkish igama elithi "taʿrife" ("uluhlu lwamaxabiso" okanye "ishedyuli yentlawulo"). Igama lesiTurkey, ngokulandelayo, lisuka kwi-Persian "taʿrefe" ("ixabiso elimiselweyo" okanye "irisithi"), ekugqibeleni limiliselwe kwisiArabhu "taʿrīf" ("isaziso," "inkcazo," okanye "isibhengezo").
2, Ukuzivelela kwemigaqo-nkqubo yeRhafu
Emva kwenkulungwane ye-15 yeXesha lokuHlola, amagunya aseYurophu andisa urhwebo lwaphesheya kweelwandle, esusa ukuqokelelwa kobutyebi ukusuka kwiinkqubo ezisekelwe kumhlaba we-feudal ukuya kwiintsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Olu tshintsho lukhuthaze imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu ye-mercanantilist ejolise ekwandiseni oovimba begolide nesilivere.
EMelika, ukuchaswa kobukoloniyali kwiirhafu zokwahluka kweti yaseBritane kwafikelela kuvuthondaba kwiBoston Tea Party (1773), into eyabangela iRevolution yaseMelika. Iphenjelelwa ziimfundiso zokhuselo zika-Alexander Hamilton, iUnited States esandula ukuzimela yamkela iirhafu eziphezulu kubongameli bukaGeorge Washington ngexesha likaHarry Truman emva kweWWII. Imizekelo eqaphelekayo ibandakanya umthetho odume kakubi weSmoot-Hawley Tariff Act (1930), owandisa ukuDodobala okuKhulu. Ngelixa amaxabiso ngokwembali ayeyixhasa ingeniso karhulumente, ukubaluleka kwayo kwezemali kwehlile ngokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye nokunyuka kweminye imithombo yengeniso.
Imingeni yangoku:
Ngelixa imirhumo ikhusela imveliso yangaphakathi, ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi kuye kwaveza iingxaki zabo, ngakumbi ekugqwetheni kwengqesho nolwabiwo lwezibonelelo. Uhlalutyo olungatshintshiyo lubonisa ukuba amaxabiso asebenzisa kakubi imithombo yobutyebi ngokukhetha imveliso yangaphakathi engasebenzi kakuhle ngaphezu kwezinto ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle.
3, Uhlalutyo lwezoQoqosho ngohlobo lweLizwe
| Uhlobo lwelizwe | Iimpawu | Impembelelo yeNtlalontle |
| Incinci, Ukusebenza okuphantsi | Ukusetyenziswa okuphantsi kunye nemveliso engasebenziyo (ixhomekeke ekuthengeni ngaphandle). | Ilahleko yentsalela yabathengi yahlulahlulwe ibe: |
| Enkulu, Ukusebenza okuphantsi | Ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kodwa imveliso engasebenziyo (ngokuyintloko ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe). | Ukuba ingeniso yomrhumo (S) evela kubavelisi bamazwe angaphandle idlula (b + d), iinzuzo ezisaseleyo ziyavela. Umrhumo ofanelekileyo wenziwa kwi-S = b + d, ukhuseleko lokulinganisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. |
| Incinci, iSebenzisa ngokuPhezulu | Ukusetyenziswa okuphantsi kodwa imveliso encomekayo kakhulu (impahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle ilawula). | Uluhlu lweerhafu zokuthumela ngaphandle lunokuba luncedo kwisizwe ukuba amazwe athumelayo amisela imirhumo. Iirhafu ezicwangcisiweyo zokuthumela ngaphandle zinokuchasana nemiqobo yorhwebo lwangaphandle. |
| Enkulu, eSebenza ngokuPhezulu | Ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle (kunokuba ngumrhwebi ngaphandle okanye othenga kumazwe angaphandle). | I-dynamics entsonkothileyo ngenxa yobungakanani bemarike. Uluhlu lweerhafu ezithumela kumazwe angaphandle lunokuphucula intlalo-ntle yesizwe phantsi kweemeko ezithile. |
4, Ukufaneleka kwangoku
Iintlawulo zihlala zilikrele elintlangothi-mbini. Ngelixa zikhusela amashishini kwaye zivelisa ingeniso, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kuphazamisa amakhonkco okubonelela ngehlabathi kunye nokunyusa iindleko zabathengi. Umzekelo, ukunyuswa komrhumo we-US-China ngo-2025 (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-157% kwimpahla yaseTshayina kunye ne-125% kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle e-US) kuphantse kwanqunyanyiswa urhwebo lwamazwe amabini, ebonisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zale mihla zelizwe lezopolitiko. Ngokuchaseneyo, izivumelwano zengingqi ezifana ne-RCEP kunye ne-CPTPP zikhuthaza ukuthotywa kwerhafu, kubonisa indlela emibini yokukhusela kunye nokukhululwa.
