Litaba tsa Khampani
Tefiso (karolo ea pele)
*La 8 Motšeanong, 2025*
1, Tšimoloho ea Nalane ea Litefiso
Litefiso li na le nalane ea khale mme e kile ea e-ba mohloli oa mantlha oa chelete bakeng sa lichaba tse ngata. Litlaleho tsa khale ka ho fetisisa tsa lekhetho li bolokiloe Palmyra, motse oa boholo-holo lehoatateng la Syria. Mengolo e leboteng la ofisi ea lekhetho ea motse e qaqisa makhetho a lefisoang makhoba, thepa, boea bo dailoeng, oli e nkhang hamonate, lijo le lintho tse ling tse tšelang meeli ea eona.
Lentsoe la Senyesemane "tariff" le tsoa lentsoeng la Sefora "tarif" (le bolelang "ho beha litheko"), leo ka bolona le tsoang ho "tariffa" ea Setaliana (e bolelang "lethathamo la litheko" kapa kemiso ea lekhetho). Motso ona oa mehleng ea khale oa Selatine o kene lexicon ea Bophirimela ka ho sebelisana le batho ba Turkic, ho latela lentsoe la Ottoman Turkish "taʿrife" ("lenane la litheko" kapa "kemiso ea litefiso"). Lentsoe la Seturkey, le lona, le tsoa ho "taʿrefe" ea Persia ("theko e tsitsitseng" kapa "risiti"), eo qetellong e theiloeng ho Searabia "taʿrīf" ("tsebiso," "tlhaloso," kapa "phatlalatso").
2, Phetoho ea Melao ea Lekhetho
Kamora 15th Age of Exploration, mebuso ea Europe e ile ea atolosa khoebo ea mose ho maoatle, ea tlosa ho bokella leruo ho tloha lits'ebetsong tse thehiloeng mobung ho ea ho lirafshoa tsa bohlokoa. Phetoho ena e khothalelitse maano a litefiso tsa mercantilist a reretsoeng ho holisa mehloli ea khauta le silevera.
Linaheng tsa Amerika, khanyetso ea bokolone khahlanong le litheko tsa tee tsa Borithane tse fapaneng li ile tsa fella ka Mokha oa Tee oa Boston (1773), o ileng oa hlohlelletsa Phetohelo ea Amerika. E susumelitsoe ke lithuto tsa tšireletso tsa Alexander Hamilton, United States e sa tsoa ikemela e ile ea amohela litefiso tse phahameng ho tloha ho mopresidente oa George Washington ho pholletsa le mehla ea Harry Truman ea ka mor'a WWII. Mehlala e hlokomelehang e kenyelletsa molao o tummeng hampe oa Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (1930), o ileng oa mpefatsa Ho Tepella ho Hoholo ha Moruo. Le hoja litefello tsa khale li ne li tšehetsa lekhetho la naha, bohlokoa ba tsona ba lichelete bo fokotsehile ka ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše le ho phahama ha mehloli e meng ea lekhetho.
Mathata a Sejoale-joale:
Le hoja litefiso li sireletsa tlhahiso ea lehae, ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše ho pepesitse mathata a bona, haholo-holo ho sothang mosebetsi le kabo ea lisebelisoa. Tlhahlobo e tsitsitseng e senola hore litefiso li arola lisebelisoa ka mokhoa o fosahetseng ka ho tšehetsa tlhahiso e sa sebetseng ea lehae ho feta thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha.
3, Tlhahlobo ea Moruo ka Mofuta oa Naha
| Mofuta oa Naha | Litšobotsi | Boiketlo ba Boiketlo |
| E Nyenyane, E Tlase | Tšebeliso e tlaase le tlhahiso e sa sebetseng hantle (e itšetlehile ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling). | Tahlehelo e salletseng ea bareki e arotsoe ka: |
| E Khōlō, Tšebeliso e Ntle | Tšebeliso e phahameng empa tlhahiso e sa sebetseng hantle (haholo-holo e tsoang kantle ho naha). | Haeba lekeno la litefiso (S) ho tsoa ho bahlahisi ba kantle ho naha le feta (b + d), phaello e ngata e hlaha. Tefiso e nepahetseng e etsahala ho S = b + d, ho leka-lekanya tšireletso le katleho. |
| E nyenyane, e Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa | Ts'ebeliso e tlase empa tlhahiso e sebetsang hantle haholo (li-export li laola). | Litefiso tsa kantle ho naha li ka tsoela naha molemo haeba linaha tse tsoang kantle li beha litefiso. Lekhetho la leano la ho reka kantle ho naha le ka thibela litšitiso tsa khoebo ea kantle ho naha. |
| E Kholo, e Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa | Tšebeliso e phahameng le katleho (e ka 'na ea e-ba morekisi-ntle kapa kantle ho naha). | Liphetoho tse rarahaneng ka lebaka la boholo ba 'maraka. Litefiso tsa thomello ea kantle li ka ntlafatsa boiketlo ba naha tlasa maemo a ikhethileng. |
4, Bohlokoa ba Mehleng ea Kajeno
Litefiso li lula e le sabole e sehang ka nģa tse peli. Le ha li sireletsa liindasteri le ho kenya chelete, tšebeliso e feteletseng e sitisa liketane tsa phepelo ea lefats'e mme e nyolla litšenyehelo tsa bareki. Mohlala, ho nyoloha ha litefiso tsa US-China ka 2025 (ho fihla ho 157% ho thepa ea China le 125% ho tsoa kantle ho naha ea Amerika) ho se ho felile ka khoebo ea linaha tse peli, e bonts'ang litheko tsa sejoale-joale tsa lipolotiki. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litumellano tsa libaka tse kang RCEP le CPTPP li khothalletsa phokotso ea litefiso, tse bontšang mekhoa e 'meli ea ts'ireletso le tokoloho.
